Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home (July 2, 1903 - October 9, 1995) was a British politician. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for a year from October 1963 to October 1964. He became famous for a series of records. He was the last member of the House of Lords to be appointed Prime Minister, the only Prime Minister to resign from the Lords and contest a by-election to enter the House of Commons and the last Prime Minister actively chosen by a British monarch.
| Period in Office: | 19 October, 1963 - 16 October, 1964 |
| PM Predecessor: | Harold Macmillan |
| PM Successor: | Harold Wilson |
| Date of Birth: | July 2, 1903 |
| Place of Birth: | Mayfair, London |
| Political Party: | Conservative |
Alec Douglas-Home was born in London, the eldest son of a Scottish earl. From 1918 he held the courtesy title Lord Dunglass. His brother was the dramatist, William Douglas-Home. After an education at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, he became a Conservative MP in 1931. His aristocratic roots gave him a head start in the party as it then was, and he was soon appointed secretary to Neville Chamberlain, witnessing at first hand the latter's attempts to stave off World War II though negotiation with Adolf Hitler. He lost his parliamentary seat in the 1945 general election, but regained it in 1950. However he was being forced to resign it in 1951, when he inherited his father's seat in the House of Lords, becoming 14th Earl of Home (normally known simply as "Lord Home"). Home was appointed Foreign Secretary in 1960. In 1962, he was created a knight of the Order of the Thistle, which, in the event, entitled him to be styled "Sir" after renouncing his earldom.
In 1963 the Conservative prime minister, Harold Macmillan, suddenly resigned as an indirect result of the Profumo scandal. Under the then rules the leadership of the Conservative Party was not decided by a vote party members but by a decision of the party's elder statesmen. Though Rab Butler, nominally the "Deputy Prime Minister" (though officially no such constitutional office then existed, with the title on its rare usages being an honorific one) was the favourite among Conservative MPs the elder statemen preferred Home, some of them indicating that they would refuse to serve in cabinet under Butler and the other potential candidate, Quentin Hogg. Outgoing Prime Minister Harold Macmillan advised Queen Elizabeth II of the opinion of the senior figures in the party. Though it was argued that he had no right to advise the Queen as to who to invite to Kiss Hands as Prime Minister, and the Queen was under no obligation to accept his advice, the Queen duly invited the Earl of Home to become Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury. Home believed it impractical to serve as Prime Minister (Lord Curzon had not been invited to become prime minister in the 1920s because of his position in the Lords). Using the Peerage Act 1963 passed earlier in the same year to facilitate the resignation from the Lords of Viscount Stangate (Tony Benn) Home resigned his peerage and as Sir Alec Douglas-Home contested a by-election in a safe seat engineered by the deliberate resignation of a Conservative MP. Home duly won, entering the history books as the (probably) last peer to become Prime Minister and the only Prime Minister to resign the Lords to enter the Commons. )
The government had been too badly damaged to survive, however, and the general election of October, 1964, was won by the Labour Party under the new leadership of Harold Wilson. Home remained leader of the party until his resignation in July of the following year. In the interim he created an electoral mechanism for choosing Conservative Party leaders, a vote by MPs. The resulting leadership election was won by Edward Heath who defeated Reginald Maudling and Enoch Powell. Over the course of the following six years Home was notably loyal to Heath, comparing those who questioned his position with impatient gardeners who would keep digging up a tree to gauge its progress by examining its roots. When, in 1970, Heath became prime minister, Home returned to the post of Foreign Secretary which was deemed to suit him so well.
In 1974, following the defeat of the Heath government by that of Harold Wilson, Home was restored to the House of Lords when he accepted a life peerage, and became known as Baron Home of the Hirsel (The Hirsel being his family seat in Berwickshire) for the rest of his life. Home was the second-longest lived British Prime Minister behind Harold Macmillan. On his death, he was succeeded as Earl of Home by his son, David.
Autobiography: The Way The Wind Blows (1976)
{| border="2" align="center"
|width="30%" align="center"|Preceded by:Sir Alec Douglas-Home's Government, October 1963 - October 1964
Changes
{| border="2" align="center"
|width="30%" align="center"|Preceded by:
Harold Macmillan
1957-1963
|width="40%" align="center"|Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1964-1964
|width="30%" align="center"|Followed by:
Harold Wilson
1964-1970
|}
Charles Douglas-Home
|width="40%" align="center"|Earl of Home
|width="30%" align="center"|Followed by:
David Douglas-Home
|}