Arthur Emanuel Nelson (May 10,1892 April 11, 1955) was an American politican.
He was mayor of Saint Paul, Minnesota from 1922 to 1926. He served in the US Senate as a Republican from Minnesota. Nelson was elected in November 1942 to finish out the term of Senator Ernest Lundeen. Nelson served from November 18, 1942 to January 3, 1943. He did not seek re-election.