The 'Aston' part of the village name is Anglo Saxon and means Eastern Estate. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 the village was known as Cold Aston, and both it and Haddenham were owned by the same manor, suggesting that Aston got its name from being the farming estate to the east of Haddenham. The owner of both places in 1086 was listed as Manno the Breton.
By 1199 the estate had been annexed by the Norman rulers and was placed into the extensive estates belonging to the descendants of Odo of Bayeux: the Sandfords. It was from this time that the village became known as Aston Sandford.
The Nineteenth century parish church is dedicated to St Michael and All Angels.