Some scietists suggest that a glancing collision with a planet about the mass of Mars, ca 4.5 billion years ago, may have formed the Moon.
Since the Chicxulub bolide has been established as the event that exterminated the dinosaurs 65 mya, bolides are frequently suggested as causes of major climate changes and mass extinctions. No further bolide-induced extinction events have been securely identified as yet, however.
Noteworthy bolide impacts include: