Boundary
A
boundary encloses a region of
space, a
territory, and/or an
area. Something enclosed by a boundary, is "
bounded" (by the boundary).
See also border
In
topology and related fields, the
boundary of a
subset is the set of all points of that space in its closure that are not
interior points. More precisely, the boundary of a
subset S is the difference between its
closure and its
interior. The boundary is always a
closed set.
On the other hand, a manifold with boundary means something like a manifold, but modelled on a half-Euclidean space, on one side of a hyperplane. If the boundary points are removed an open subset that is a genuine manifold remains. The boundaries of manifolds are important, for example, in Stokes' theorem, and cobordism theory.