Before entering Parliament at the 1997 election, he was a journalist, then director of the European Media Forum. He stood against Ken Livingstone at the 1992 election.
After entering Parliament, he was spokesman on Education and Employment from 1998, and was made Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment in 1999. In 2001 he was moved by Iain Duncan Smith to Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Skills. In 2003, Michael Howard moved him out of the newly-shrunken Shadow Cabinet, and gave him the position of Shadow Secretary of State for Transport.