The largest ethnic group is the Malays. These people, combined with indigenous people (who are concentrated in Sabah and Sarawak, see below, are denoted 'bumiputra'. Based on 2000 census figures, the ethnic composition of Malaysia was:
Non-Malay indigenous groups make up more than half of Sarawak's population and about 66% of Sabah's. They are divided into dozens of ethnic groups, but they share some general patterns of living and culture. Until the 20th century, most practiced traditional beliefs, but many have become Christian or Muslim. The "other" category includes Malaysians of, inter alia, European and Middle Eastern descent. Population distribution is uneven, with some 15 million residents concentrated in the lowlands of Peninsular Malaysia, an area slightly smaller than the State of Michigan.
Population: 21,793,293 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
35% (male 3,914,112; female 3,697,731)
15-64 years:
61% (male 6,655,506; female 6,642,073)
65 years and over:
4% (male 386,387; female 497,484) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.01% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 25.3 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 5.25 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
note:
does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female
total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 20.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
70.83 years
male:
70.4 years (2002 est)
female:
75.3 years (2002 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.29 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Malaysian(s)
adjective:
Malaysian
Ethnic groups: Malay and other indigenous 58%, Chinese 26%, Indian 7%, others 9%
Religions: Islam, Buddhism, Daoism, Hinduism, Christianity, Sikhism; note - in addition, Shamanism is practiced in East Malaysia
Languages: Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese Chinese, Mandarin Chinese, Hokkien, Hakka, Teochew, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Punjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest of which are Iban and Kadazan. Officially, the English spoken is based on British English. However, English as spoken in Malaysia is diverging, and is locally called Manglish. Manglish has some similarities with Singlish, the English spoken in Singapore.
Literacy:
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
83.5%
male:
89.1%
female:
78.1% (1995 est.)