Digital compositing

Digital compositing is the process of assembling multiple images to make a final image, typically for print, motion pictures or screen display.

The basic operation used is known as 'alpha blending', where an opacity value, 'α' is used to control the proportions of two input pixel values that end up a single output pixel.

Consider three pixels;

a foreground pixel, f
a background pixel, b
a composited pixel, c

and

α, the opacity value of the foreground pixel. (α=1 for opaque foreground, α=0 for a completely transparent foreground). A monochrome raster image where the pixel values are to be interpreted as alpha values is known as a matte.

Then, considering all three colour channels, and assuming that the colour channels are expressed in a γ=1 colour space (that is to say, the measured values are proportional to light intensity), we have:

c_r = α f_r + (1 - α) b_r

c_g = α f_g + (1 - α) b_g

c_b = α f_b + (1 - α) b_b

Note that if the operations are performed in a colour space where γ is not equal to 1 then the operation will lead to non-linear effects which will be seen as aliasing artifacts (or 'jaggies') along sharp edges in the matte.

Should cite Porter-Duff paper

Compositing often also includes scaling, retouching and colour correction of images.