Different animals have different fields of view, depending on the placement of the eyes. Humans have a 180-degree forward-facing field of view, while some birds have a complete 360-degree field of view.
The range of visual abilities is not uniform across a field of view, and varies from animal to animal. For example, binocular vision, which is important for depth perception, only covers 140 degrees of the field of vision in humans; the remaining peripheral 40 degrees have no binocular vision (because of the lack of overlap in the images from either eye for those parts of the field of view). The afore-mentioned birds would have a scant 10 or 20 degrees of binocular vision. Similarly, color vision and the ability to perceive motion and shape vary across the field of view.
See also: visual perception, peripheral vision