This article is part of theHistory of China series. |
Shang Dynasty |
Zhou Dynasty |
Qin Dynasty |
Han Dynasty |
Three Kingdoms |
Jin Dynasty |
Southern and Northern Dynasties |
Sui Dynasty |
Tang Dynasty |
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period |
Song Dynasty |
Yuan Dynasty |
Ming Dynasty |
Qing Dynasty |
History of the Republic of China |
History of the PRC (1949-1976) |
History of the PRC (1976-present) |
Timeline of Chinese History |
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十國 wu3 dai4 shi2 guo2) (907-960) was a period of political upheaval in China, between Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty in which 5 short-lived would-be dynasties in the north and more than 10 independent sovereignties mainly in the south of Chang Jiang were established.
Rulers in Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) | Born Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the Five Dynasties | ||||
| Convention: name of dynasty + temple name or posthumous name | ||||
| Hou (Later) Liang Dynasty 907-923 | ||||
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Zhu Wen (朱溫 zhu1 wen1) | 907-912 | Kaiping (開平 kai1 ping2) 907-911Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 911-912 |
| did not exist | Mo Di (末帝 mo4 di4) | Zhu Zhen (朱瑱 zhu1 zhen4) | 913-923 | Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 913-915Zhenming (貞明 zhen1 ming2) 915-921 Longde (龍德 long2 de2) 921-923 |
| Hou (Later) Tang Dynasty 923-936 | ||||
| Zhuang Zong (莊宗 zhuang1 zong1) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Li Cun Xu (李存勗 li3 cun2 xu4) | 923-926 | Tongguang (同光 tong2 guang1) 923-926 |
| Ming Zong (明宗 ming2 zong1) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Li Si Yuan (李嗣源 li3 si4 yuan2) or Li Dan (李亶 li3 dan3) | 926-933 | Tiancheng (天成 tian1 cheng2) 926-930Changxing (長興 chang2 xing1) 930-933 |
| did not exist | Min Di (節閔帝 min3 di4) | Li Cong Xu (李從厚 li3 cong2 hou4) | 933-934 | Yingshun (應順 ying4 shun4) 913-9115 |
| did not exist | Mo Di (末帝 mo4 di4) | Li Cong Ke (李從珂 li3 cong2 ke1) | 934-936 | Qingtai (清泰 qing1 tai4) 934-936 |
| Hou (Later) Jin Dynasty 936-947 | ||||
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Shi Jing Tang (石敬瑭 shi4 jing4 tang2) | 936-942 | Tianfu (天福 tian1 fu2) 936-942 |
| did not exist | Chu Di (出帝 chu1 di4) | Shi Chong Gui (石重貴 shi4 chong2 gui4) | 942-947 | Tianfu (天福 tian1 fu2) 942-944Kaiyun (開運 kai1 yun4) 944-947 |
| Hou (Later) Han Dynasty 947-950 | ||||
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Liu Zhi Yuan (劉知遠 liu3 zhi1 yuan3) | 947-948 | Tianfu (天福 tian1 fu2) 947Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 948 |
| did not exist | Yin Di (隱帝 yin3 di4) | Liu Cheng You (劉承祐 liu3 cheng2 you4) | 948-950 | Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 948-950 |
| Hou (Later) Zhou Dynasty 951-960 | ||||
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Guo Wei (郭威 guo1 wei1) | 951-954 | Guangshun (廣順 guang3 shun4) 951-954Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 954 |
| Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Chai Rong (柴榮 chai2 rong2 | 954-959 | Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 954-959 |
| did not exist | Gong Di (恭帝 gong1 di4) | Chai Zong Xun (柴宗訓 chai2 zong1 xun4) | 959-960 | Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 959-960 |
| the Ten Kingdoms | ||||
| Convention: use born names, noticed otherwise | ||||
| Wu Yue Kingdom 904-978 | ||||
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) | Wu Su Wang (武肅王 wu3 su4 wang2) | Qian Liu (錢鏐 qian2 liu2 | 904-932 | Tianbao (天寶 tian1 bao3) 908-923Baoda (寶大 bao3 da4) 923-925 |
| Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1) | Wen Mu Wang (文穆王 wen2 mu4 wang2) | Qian Yuan Quan (錢元瓘 qian2 yuan2 guan4) | 932-941 | did not exist |
| Cheng Zong (成宗 cheng2 zong1) | Zhong Xian Wang (忠獻王 zhong1 xian4 wang2) | Qian Zuo (錢佐 qian2 zuo3) | 941-947 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Zhong Xun Wang (忠遜王 zhong1 xun4 wang2) | Qian Zong (錢倧 qian2 zong1) | 947 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Zhong Yi Wang (忠懿王 zhong1 yi4 wang2) | Qian Chu (錢俶 qian2 chu4) | 947-978 | did not exist |
| Min Kingdom 909-945 including Yin Kingdom 943-945 | ||||
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) | Zhong Yi Wang (忠懿王 zhong1 yi4 wang2) | Wang Shen Zhi (王審知 wang2 shen3 zhi1) | 909-925 | did not exist |
| did not exist | did not exist | Wang Yan Han (王延翰 wang2 yan2 han4) | 925-926 | did not exist |
| Tai Zong (太宗 tai4 zong1) | Hui Di (惠帝 hui4 di4) | Wang Yan Jun (王延鈞 wang2 yan2 jun1) | 926-935 | Longqi (龍啟 long2 qi3) 933-935Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 935 |
| Kang Zong (康宗 kang1 zong1) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Wang Ji Peng (王繼鵬 wang2 ji4 peng2) | 935-939 | Tongwen (通文 tong1 wen2) 936-939 |
| Jing Zong (景宗 jing3 zong1) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Wang Yan Xi (王延羲 wang2 yan2 xi1) | 939-944 | Yonglong (永隆 yong3 long2) 939-944 |
| did not exist | Tian De Di (天德帝 tian1 de2 di4) (as Emperor of Yin) | Wang Yan Zheng (王延政 wang2 yan2 zheng4) | 943-945 | Tiande (天德 tian1 de2) 943-945 |
| Jing Nan or Nan Ping Kingdom 906-963 | ||||
| did not exist | Wu Xin Wang (武信王 wu3 xin4 wang2) | Gao Ji Xing (高季興 gao1 ji4 xing1) | 909-928 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Wen Xian Wang (文獻王 wen2 xin4 wang2) | Gao Cong Hui (高從誨 gao1 cong2 hui4) | 928-948 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Zhen Yi Wang (貞懿王 yi4 wang2) | Gao Bao Rong (高寶融 gao1 bao3 rong2) | 948-960 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Shi Zhong (侍中 shi4 zhong1) | Gao Bao Xu (高寶勗 gao1 bao3 xu4) | 960-962 | did not exist |
| did not exist | did not exist | Gao Ji Chong (高繼沖 gao1 ji4 chong1) | 962-963 | did not exist |
| Chu Kingdom 897-951 | ||||
| did not exist | Wu Mo Wang (武穆王 wu3 mo4 wang2) | Ma Yin (馬殷 ma3 yin1v | 897-930 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Heng Yang Wang (衡陽王 heng2 yang2 wang2) | Ma Xi Sheng (馬希聲 ma3 xi1 sheng1) | 930-932 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Wen Zhao Wang (文昭王 wen2 zhao1 wang2) | Ma Xi Fan (馬希範 ma3 xi1 fan4) | 932-947 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Fei Wang (廢王 fei4 wang2) | Ma Xi Guang (馬希廣 ma3 xi1 guang3) | 947-950 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Gong Xiao Wang (恭孝王 gong1 xiao4 wang2) | Ma Xi E (馬希萼 ma3 xi1 e4) | 950 | did not exist |
| did not exist | did not exist | Ma Xi Chong (馬希崇 ma3 xi1 chong2) | 950-951 | did not exist |
| Wu Kingdom 904-937 | ||||
| Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) | Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiao4 wu3 di4) | Yang Xing Mi (楊行密 yang2 xing2 mi4) | 904-905 | Tianyao (天祐 tian1 you4) 904-905 |
| Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1) | Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4) | Yang Wo (楊渥 yang2 wo4) | 905-908 | Tianyao (天祐 tian1 you4) 905-908 |
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) | Xuan Di (宣帝 xuan1 di4) | Yang Long Yan (楊隆演 yang2 long2 yan3) | 908-921 | Tianyao (天祐 tian1 you4) 908-919Wuyi (武義 wu3 yi4) 919-921 |
| did not exist | Rui Di (睿帝 rui4 di4) | Yang Pu (楊溥 yang2 pu3) | 921-937 | Shunyi (順義 shun4 yi4) 921-927Qianzhen (乾貞 qian2 zhen1) 927-929 |
| Nan (Southern) Tang Dynasty 937-975 | ||||
| Convention for this kingdom only : Nan (Southern) Tang + posthumous names. Hou Zhu was referred as Li Hou Zhu (李後主 li3 hou4 zhu3. | ||||
| Xian Zhu (先主 xian1 zhu3) or Lie Zu (烈祖 lie4 zu3) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Li Bian (李(曰 on top of 弁) li3 bian4) | 937-943 | Shengyuan (昇元 sheng1 yuan2) 937-943 |
| Zhong Zhu (中主 zhong1 zhu3) or Yuan Zong (元宗 yuan2 zong1v | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Li Jing (李璟 li3 jing3) | 943-961 | Baoda (保大 bao3 da4) 943-958Jiaotai (交泰 jiao1 tai4) 958 |
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) | Wu Wang (武王 wu3 wang2 | Li Yu (李煜 li3 yu4 | 961-975 | did not exist |
| Nan (Southern) Han Kingdom 917-971 | ||||
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) | Tian Huang Da Di (天皇大帝 tian1 huang2 da4 di4) | Liu Yan (劉巖 liu3 yan2) or Liu Yan (劉(龍 on top of 天) liu3 yan3) | 917-925 | Qianheng (乾亨 qian2 heng1) 917-925Bailong (白龍 bai2 long2) 925-928 |
| did not exist | Shang Di (殤帝 shang1 di4) | Liu Fen (劉玢 liu3 fen1) | 941-943 | Guangtian (光天 guag1 tian1) 941-943 |
| Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Liu Cheng (劉晟 liu3 cheng2) | 943-958 | Yingqian (應乾 ying4 qian2) 943Qianhe (乾和 qian4 he2) 943-958 |
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) | did not exist | Liu Chang (劉鋹 liu3 chang3) | 958-971 | Dabao (大寶 da4 bao3) 958-971 |
| Bei (Northern) Han Kingdom 951-979 | ||||
| Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3) | Shen Wu Di (神武帝 shen2 wu3 di4) | Liu Min (劉旻 liu3 min2) | 951-954 | Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 951-954 |
| Rui Zong (睿宗 rui4 zong1) | Xiao He Di (孝和帝 xiao4 he2 di4v | Liu Cheng Jun (劉承鈞 liu3 cheng2 jun1) | 954-970 | Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 954-957Tianhui (天會 tian1 hui4) 957-970 |
| Shao Zhu (少主 shao4 zhu3) | Did not exist | Liu Ji En (劉繼恩 liu3 ji4 en1) | 970 | did not exist |
| did not exist | Ying Wu Di (英武帝 ying1 wu3 di4) | Liu Ji Yuan (劉繼元 liu3 ji4 yuan2) | 970-982 | Guangyun (廣運 guang3 yun4) 970-982 |
| Qian (Former) Shu Kingdom 907 - 925 | ||||
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Wang Jian (王建 wang2 jian4) | 907-918 | Tianfu (天復 tian1 fu4) 907Wucheng (武成 wu3 cheng22) 908-910 |
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) | did not exist | Wang Yan (王衍 wang2 yan3) | 918-925 | Qiande (乾德 qian2 de2) 918-925Xiankang (咸康 xian2 kang1) 925 |
| Hou (Later) Shu Kingdom 934 - 965 | ||||
| Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Meng Zhi Xiang (孟知祥 meng4 zhi1 xiang2) | 934 | Mingde (明德 ming2 de2) 934 |
| Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 zhu3) | did not exist | Meng Chang (孟昶 meng4 chang3) | 938-965 | Mingde (明德 ming2 de2) 934-938Guangzheng (廣政 guang3 zheng4) 938-965 |
| Name of Posts | Born Names | Period on post | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wuping and Hunan (節度 jie2 du4) (similar to thema of the Byzantine Empire) 950-963 | ||||
| Wuping strategos (correct English translation?) (武平節度使 wu3 ping2 jie2 du4 shi3) | Liu Yan (劉言 liu3 yan2) | 950-953 | ||
| Wuping strategos (correct English translation?) (武平節度使 wu3 ping2 jie2 du4 shi3) | Wang Kui (王逵 wang2 kui2) or Wang Jin Kui (王進逵 wang2 jin4 kui2) | 953-956 | ||
| Hunan strategos (correct English translation?) (湖南節度使 hu2 nan2 jie2 du4 shi3) | Zhou Xing Feng (周行逢 zhao1 xing2 feng2) | 956-962 | ||
| Hunan strategos (correct English translation?) (湖南節度使 hu2 nan2 jie2 du4 shi3) | Zhou Bao Quan (周保權 zhao1 bao3 quan2) | 962-963 | ||
| Quanzhang (節度jie2 du4) (similar to thema of the Byzantine Empire) 945-978 | ||||
| Quanzhang strategos (correct English translation?) (泉漳都指揮使 quan2 zhang1 du1 zhi3 hui1 shi3) | Liu Cong Xiao (留從效 liu2 cong2 xiao4) | 945-962 | ||
| Quanzhang strategos (correct English translation?) (泉漳留守 quan2 zhang1 liu2 shou3) | Liu Shao Zi (留紹鎡 liu2 shao4 zi1) | 962 | ||
| Quanzhang strategos (correct English translation?) (泉漳節度使 quan2 zhang1 jie2 du4 shi3) | Zhang Han Si (張漢思 zhang1 han4 si1) | 962-963 | ||
| Quanzhang strategos (correct English translation?) (泉漳節度使 quan2 zhang1 jie2 du4 shi3) | Chen Hong Jin (陳洪進 chen2 hong2 jin4) | 963-978 | ||