Location: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands
Geographic coordinates: 50 50 N, 4 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total:
32,545 kmē
land:
30,278 kmē
surface water:
250 kmē (est)
sea:
2,017 kmē
Area - comparative: about the size of Maryland
Land boundaries:
total:
1,379.0 km
border countries:
France 620.0 km, Germany 161.5 km, Luxembourg 148.0 km, Netherlands 449.5 km
Coastline: 66.5 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
median line with neighbors
exclusive fishing zone:
median line with neighbors (extends about 68 km from coast)
territorial sea:
12 nautical miles
Climate: temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy
Terrain: flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast
Elevation extremes:
lowest point:
North Sea 0 m
highest point:
Signal de Botrange 694 m
Natural resources: coal, natural gas
Land use:
arable land:
28% (2000)
permanent crops:
1% (2000)
permanent pastures:
17% (2000)
forests and woodland:
20% (2000)
other:
34%
Irrigated land: NA kmē
Natural hazards: flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes
Environment - current issues: the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, intense animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries; uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) have impeded progress in tackling environmental challenges
Environment - international agreements:
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - note: crossroads of Western Europe; majority of West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels which is the seat of both the EU and NATO
Reference
Much of the material in this article is adapted from the CIA World Factbook 2000.
