The book is noted for its irreverent young protagonist, its colorful description of people and places along the Mississippi River, and its sober and often scathing look at entrenched attitudes, particularly racism, of the time. The drifting journey of Huck and his friend Jim, a runaway slave, down the Mississippi River on their raft may be one of the most enduring images of escape and freedom in all of American literature.
Although the book has been popular with young readers since its publication, and taken as a sequel to the comparatively innocuous The Adventures of Tom Sawyer with no particular social message, it has also been the continued object of study by serious literary critics. It also has attracted criticism because of the 215 occurrences of the word nigger (see "Controversy" below).
Many white characters in the story are depicted as foolish, cruel or selfish, in contrast to the main black character, Jim, who is mostly depicted as smart and unselfish. The story is set before the American Civil War. Huck, as we know from Tom Sawyer is a loose-living young vagabond with no mother and a drunkard father. He teams up with Jim, a slave who is about to be sold down the river and separated from his wife and children, and they attempt to go north across the Ohio River to freedom. The book tells of their adventures.
Family is one of the most important themes in the book. The attempt by Huck's father to gain custody of him in order to steal the money Huck and Tom had found in the previous book precipitates his flight, staging his own murder to get away. One of the major plot devices in the book is Jim's hiding the death of Huck's father from him. As they two travel the river, Huck is frequently involved with families who attempt to adopt him.
Another theme is the life on the Mississippi River, alternately idyllic and threatening. In true picaresque fashion, Huck and Jim encounter all the varieties of humanity as they travel, murderers, thieves, confidence men, good people and hypocrites.
It is commonly said that the beginning and ending of the book, the parts in which Tom Sawyer appears as a character, detract from its overall impact. In literary terms, however, Tom serves to start the story off and to bring it to a conclusion. Tom's ridiculous schemes have the paradoxical effect of providing a framework of "reality" around the mythical river voyage.
Another theme is Huck's gradual acceptance of Jim as a man, a man better than any other in the book, strong, brave, generous, and wise.
Although the Concord, Massachusetts, library banned the book because of its tawdry subject manner and the coarse, ignorant language in which it was narrated, the San Francisco Examiner came quickly to its defense:
Controversy
In the United States, occasional efforts have been made to restrict the reading of the book. At various times, it has been:
References and external links