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Table of contents |
2 Consonants (non-pulmonic) 3 Vowels 4 Other Symbols 5 Suprasegmentals |
IPA | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p | t | ʈ | c | k | q | ʢ | ʔ | ||||
b | d | ɖ | g | |||||||||
Nasal | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | |||||
Trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | |||||||||
Tap or Flap | ɾ | ɽ | ||||||||||
Fricative | ɸ | f | ɵ | s | ʃ | ʂ | ç | x | χ | ħ | ʜ | h |
β | v | ð | z | ʒ | ʐ | ʝ | ɣ | ʁ | ʕ | ʢ | ɦ | |
Lateral Fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||
ɮ | ||||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | |||||||
Lateral approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ |
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
Plosive | p b | t d | ƫ ɗ | c ɟ | k g | q ɢ | ʔ | ||||
Nasal | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | ||||
Trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | ||||||||
Tap or Flap | ɾ | ɼ | |||||||||
Fricative | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ ʁ | ħ ˁ | h ɦ |
Lateral fricative | ɬ ɮ | ||||||||||
Approximant | ɺ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | ||||||
Lateral approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ |
Clicks | Voiced implosives | Ejectives | |||
ʘ | Bilabial | ɓ | Bilabial | ʼ | as in: |
ǀ | Dental | ɗ | Dental/alveolar | pʼ | Bilabial |
ǃ | Alveolar (retroflex) | ʄ | Palatal | tʼ | Dental/aveolar |
ǂ | Palatoaveolar (alveolar) | ɠ | Velar | kʼ | Velar |
ǁ | Aveolar lateral (lateral) | ʛ | Uvular | sʼ | Alveolar fricative |
Front | Central | Back | |||
Close | i y | ɨ ʉ | ɯ u
| ||
ɪ ʏ | ʊ | ||||
Close-mid | e ø | ɘ ɵ | ɤ o | ||
Mid | ə | ||||
Open-mid | ɛ œ | ɜ ɞ | ʌ ɔ | ||
æ | ɐ | ||||
Open | a ɶ | ɑ ɒ |
ʍ | Voiceless labial-velar fricative |
w | Voiced labial-velar approximant |
ɥ | Voiced labial-palatal approximant |
ʜ | Voiceless epiglottal fricative |
ʢ | Voiced epiglottal fricative |
ʢ | Epiglottal plosive |
ɕ ʑ | Alveolo-palatal fricatives |
ɺ | Alveolar lateral flap |
ɧ | Simultaneous ʃ and x |
ˈ | Primary stress |
ˌ | Secondary stress |
ː | Long |
ˑ | Half-long |
˘ | Extra-short |
. | Syllable break |