Born on Hallowe'en day, 1795 near London to a stable-keeper and his wife, the first seven years of Keats's life were happy. The beginnings of his troubles occurred in 1803, when his father died from a fractured skull after falling from his horse. His mother remarried soon afterwards, but as quickly left the new husband and moved herself and her children to live with Keats' grandmother. There, Keats attended a school that first instilled in him a love of literature. In 1810, however, his mother died of tuberculosis, leaving him and his siblings in the custody of their grandmother.
His introduction to the work of Edmund Spenser, particularly The Faerie Queene was to prove a turning point in Keats' development as a poet; it was to inspire Keats to write his first poem, Imitation of Spenser.
He befriended Leigh Hunt, a writer who helped him publish his first poem in 1816. In 1817, Keats published his first volume of poetry entitled simply Poems. Keats' poems was not well received, largely due to his connection with the controversial Hunt.
Keats moved to the Isle of Wight in the summer of 1817.
Working on his writing, he soon found his brother, Tom Keats, entrusted to his care. Tom was, like their mother, suffering from tuberculosis. Finishing his epic poem "Endymion," Keats left to hike in Scotland and Ireland with his friend Charles Brown. However, he too began to show signs of tuberculosis infection on that trip, and returned prematurely. When he did, he found that Tom's condition had deteriorated, and that Endymion had, as had Poems before it, been the target of much abuse from the critics.
In 1818, Tom Keats died from his infection, and John Keats moved again, to live in Brown's house in London. There he met Fanny Brawne, who with her mother had been staying at Brown's house, and he quickly fell in love. The later (posthumous) publication of their correspondence was to scandalise Victorian society.
Keats produced some of his finest poetry during the spring and summer of 1819: Ode to Psyche, Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a Nightingale.
This relationship was cut short, however, when by 1820 Keats began to show worse signs of the disease that had plagued his family. On the suggestion of his doctors, he left the cold airs of London behind and moved to Italy with his friend Joseph Severn invited by Shelley. For one year, this seemed to help his condition, but his health finally deteriorated. He died on February 23 1821 and was interred in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome. His last request was followed, and thus he was buried under a tombstone reading "Here lies one whose name was writ in water."
Oscar Wilde, the aestheticist non pareil was to later write:
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2 Themes and Theories 3 External Links |
Major Works
Themes and Theories
External Links