The National Guard was on campus for hours, clashing several times with protestors. The National Guard fired tear gas cannisters and some students threw rocks in response. At one point, the Guardsmen fired a volley of rifle fire. Only one of the four students killed was participating in the protest. Ironically one of the students killed, William Schroeder, who was not even involved in the demonstration, was a member of the campus ROTC chapter. Several other students were also wounded in the shooting.
Killed were Allison Krause, Jeffrey Miller, Sandra Scheuer, and William Schroeder. A monument to their memory was erected on the campus near the site where they died. A photograph of a 14-year-old runaway girl, identified as Mary Vecchio, kneeling over Jeffrey Miller's body as she cried, is one of the most enduring images of the tragedy, and it won a Pulitzer Prize for photographer John Filo.
The shootings led to protests on college campuses throughout the United States, causing many campuses to close because of both violent and non-violent demonstrations.
On May 14 of the same year, two students at Jackson State University were shot to death and several others wounded under much more questionable circumstances.
Neil Young of the Folk-rock group Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young quickly wrote and recorded a protest song in reaction to the shootings called Ohio. The song starts with:
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