It can refer to the historical state of Israel. It can refer to the future restoration of Israel. It can refer to the future post-apocalyptic implementation of God's Theocratic rule, expecially in a pre-millenialist interpretation of the prophetic genre of scriptural texts. It can refer to the Christian Church.
The the idea of God's Kingdom, although mentioned frequently in the Hebrew scriptures, is found most predominately in the Christian Scriptures, the New Testament, and specifically the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.
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