Meforshim

Meforshim is a hebrew word meaning "commentaries". In Judaism this term refers to commentaries on the Torah (five books of Moses), Hebrew Bible, the Mishnah, the Talmud or even the siddur (Jewish prayerbook.)

Classic Torah and/or Talmud commentaries have been written by:

Saadia Gaon, 10th century Babylon
Abraham ibn Ezra
Rashi (Shlomo Yitzchaki), 12th century France
Samuel ben Meir, the Rashbam, 12th century France
Maimonides (Moshe ben Maimon)
The Malbim, Meir Lob ben Jehiel Michael
Gersonides
David ben Joseph Kimhi, the Radak, 13th century France
Nahmanides (Moshe ben Nahman)
Joseph ben Isaac, the Bekhor Shor, 12th century France
Nissim be Reuben Gerondi, the RaN, 14th century Spain
Issac ben Judah Abravanel (1437-1508)
Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno, 16th century Italy
The Vilna Gaon, Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilna, 18th century Lithuania

Classic Talmud commentaries have been written by Rashi. After Rashi the Tosafors were written, which was an omnibus commentary on the Talmud by the disciplies and descendants of Rashi; this commentary was based on discussions done in the rabbinic academies of Germany and France.

Modern Torah commentaries which have received wide acclaim in the Jewish community include:

The Sefat Emet (Lips of Truth), Yehudah Aryeh Leib of Ger, 19th century Europe
The Torah Temimah of Barukh Halevi Epstein
The Torah commentary of Samson Raphael Hirsch
The "Pentateuch and Haftarah" by Joseph H. Hertz
Nehamah Leibowitz
The five volume JPS Commentary on the Torah by Nahum M. Sarna, Baruch A. Levine, Jacob Milgrom and Jeffrey H. Tigay
''Etz Hayim: A Torah Commentary" by David L. Lieber, Harold Kushner and Chaim Potok

Modern Siddur commentaries have been written by:

Rabbi Yisroel Meir Kagan HaCohen, The Chofetz Chaim's Siddur
Samson Rapahael Hirsch, The Hirsch Siddur, Feldheim
Elie Munk, The World of Prayer, Elie Munk
Nosson Scherman, The Artscroll Siddur, Mesorah Publications
Reuven Hammer, ''Or Hadash", United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism
My Peoples Prayer Book, Jewish Lights Publishing, written by a team of non-Orthodox rabbis and Talmud scholars.