Misznay-Schardin effect

The Misznay-Schardin effect refers to the characteristics of the detonation of a broad sheet of explosive. Explosive energy is released directly away from (normal to) the surface of an explosive, so shaping the explosive will focus the blast. Thus, the force produced by an explosive sheet is primarily exerted in the two directions perpendicular to its surfaces. If one surface is backed by a heavy or fixed object, the majority of the explosive force will be sent in a single direction.

This effect was studied and experimented with by explosive experts Misznay, a Hungarian, and Dr. Hubert Schardin, a German, who initially sought to develop a more effective anti-tank mine for Nazi Germany. World War II ended before before their design became usable, but they and others continued their work. The United States' Claymore mine relies on the Misznay-Schardin effect.