Multiple chemical sensitivity
Multiple chemical sensitivity (also known as MCS, formerly known
as "20th Century Syndrome" or "Environmental illness") is a non-standard
medical diagnosis for people with unexplained allergy-like symptoms who
believe that several modern industrial or household chemicals are responsible.
Conventional medicine does not recognize this diagnosis, because there is
no definitive test, no plausible scientific mechanism, no reliable studies
have demonstrated its claims, and because the symptoms are explainable by
other means such as more conventional allergies, infectious disease, or
psychological reaction to stress.
Allergist Theron G. Randolph (1906-1995) is generally credited with
bringing this condition to public attention and it was he who first
speculated that exposure to modern synthetic chemicals was the cause.
Physicians who treat MCS generally identify themselves as
"clinical ecologists", and many belong to the American Academy of
Environmental Medicine, which Randolph founded in 1965 as the Society
for Clinical Ecology.
People with MCS suffer widely assorted symptoms apparently on exposure to
trace levels of environmental chemicals.
No two MCS patients will experience exactly the same reactions to chemicals,
but common symptoms include:
- difficulty breathing, chest pains and asthma
- skin irritation, contact dermatitis, and hives or other forms of skin rash
- "brain fog" (short term memory loss, cognitive dysfunction) on exposure to triggers, headaches and migraines
- digestive difficulties, nausea, indigestion/heartburn vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps
- multiple food intolerances, which may or may not be clinically identifiable (e.g., lactose intolerance, celiac disease)
- joint and muscle pains
- extreme fatigue, lethargy and lassitude
- vertigo/dizziness
- sensitivity to natural plant fragrance turpines
- anaphylaxis and multiple organ failure in extreme cases
MCS patients often suffer from
depression,
anxiety and other
psychological problems, leading some experts to believe that MCS is a physical
manifestation of psychological disturbance (a
psychosomatic illness)
which should be treated with
psychotherapy and tranquilisers.
However, there is growing evidence that MCS is an over-reaction of the
immune system related to synergistic chemical exposure, and a
legitimate illness.
Conventional treatment approaches usually revolve around managing the
potentially life-threatening symptoms and avoiding exposure.
Like any allergy, MCS worsens gradually over time with repeated exposure
to the chemical triggers, so many MCS patients go to extreme lengths to
minimise this exposure.
Enclosed air-conditioned buildings with a recycled air supply such as
shopping centres, malls or large office buildings are particularly bad
environments for the chemically-sensitive, who may have to avoid public
gatherings entirely to avoid their illness being triggered.
Chemicals that generally need to be avoided include:
- bleach, fabric softeners, wool-wash, and detergents
- perfumes, air-fresheners and anything scented or perfumed
- petrol or gasoline, diesel and exhaust fumes
- pesticides, fertilisers, and garden chemicals
- shampoos, hairsprays and personal care products
- dishwashing liquid
- most glues (including carpet glue), varnishes, polishes, paints, solvents and paint-thinners
- petroleum-based products (petroleum jelly etc)
Many people with MCS also avoid exposure to inks, laser printers,
and other potentially offgassing substances such as new furniture and
plastic
items.
See also Gulf War syndrome.
Further reading
An Alternative Approach to Allergies: Revised Edition by Theron G. Randolph, M.D., and Ralph W. Moss, Ph.D. ISBN 0060916931