Murad I
Murad I (nick-named
Hüdavendigar, the God-like one) was the ruler of the
Ottoman Empire from
1359 to
1389. He established the Empire by building up a society and government in the newly conquered city of Adrianople (which Murad renamed
Edirne) and by expanding the realm in
Europe, bringing most of the
Balkan under Ottoman rule and forcing the
Byzantine emperor to pay him tribute. It was Murad who changed the
Osmanli tribe into an empire. He established the title of
sultan in the
1380s and the institutions of the
Janissaries and the
devşirm; the government of the
divan; and the military judge, the
kaziasker. Murad was assassinated by
Milosh Obilich, a
Serbian noble, during the
Battle of Kosovo.