Christian music
Melismatic chanting, composed in one of eight modes, are the most common kind of religius music in Armenia. They are written in khaz, a form of indigenous musical notation. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, who invented the Armenian alphabet. Some of the best performers of these chants, or sharakans, are at the Holy Cathedral of Etchmiadzin, and include the late soprano Lucine Zakarian.
Armenian religious music remained liturgical until Komitas Vartabet introduced polyphony in the end of the 19th century. He collected more than 3,000 folk songs from 1899 to 1910.
Folk music
While under Soviet domination, Armenian folk music was taught in a rigidly controlled manner at conservatoires. Instruments played in this way include kanon (dulcimer), davul (double-headed hand drum), oud (lute), tar (short-necked lute) and zuma (shawm). The duduk is especially important, and its stars include Gevorg Dabagian and Yeghish Manoukian, as well as Armenia's most famous musician, Dijvan Gasparyan.
Earlier in Armenian history, instruments like the kamancha were played by popular, travelling musicians called ashoughs. Sayat Nova, an 18th century, ashough, is still revered, as are more modern performers like Rouben Matevosian and Hovhaness Badalian.
The Armenian Diaspora
In 1915, the Young Turk regime killed a large number of Armenians in the eastern part of Turkey, and oppressed Armenian culture, leading to widespread immigration. These immigrants settled in various countries, especially in Central California, and the second- and third-generation have kept their folk traditions alive, with oud-player Richard Hagopian being perhaps the most famous of these musicians.
Classical and pop music
Armenian classical composers include Kemani Tatyos Ekserciyan, one of the most well-remembered composers of Ottoman classical music.
In pop music, Suzan Yakar and Udi Hrant Kenkulian were famous cabaret singers of the 1920s and 30s, while more modern Armenian pop stars include Gagik Gevorkian, Harout Pamboukjian, Gayane and emigre Adiss Harmandian.