Case started out playing drums in punk bands Maow and Cub before turning to the Alt-country genre. Neko Case and Her Boyfriends released their first album, The Virginian, in 1997.
Her followup album, Furnace Room Lullaby, also credited to Neko Case and Her Boyfriends, was released in 2000. Without Her Boyfriends, Case released an 8-song EP, Canadian Amp, in 2001 and a third full-length album, Blacklisted, in 2002.
She has toured with fellow singer/songwriter Carolyn Mark as The Corn Sisters. One of their performances, at Seattle's Hattie's Hat restaurant, was recorded and released as an album, The Other Woman, in 2000. More recently, she's toured on a triple bill with Mark and Kelly Hogan.
Case both writes her own material and performs covers of songs by artists such as Loretta Lynn, Bob Dylan, and Hank Williams.
Case is also a member of the Canadian pop group The New Pornographers, contributing vocals to both of their albums: Mass Romantic (2000) and The Electric Version (2003).