It is bounded on the west by Newark, New Jersey and Elizabeth, New Jersey, and on the east by Jersey City, New Jersey and Bayonne, New Jersey. It is bounded on the south by Staten Island, New York.
It contains Shooters Island, which is part of the borough of Staten Island.
Although a shallow tidal estuary, it is periodically dredged to accommodate ocean-going container ship access to Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal along its western shore.
It is spanned by the Newark Bay Bridge connecting Jersey City and Newark.