The village name 'Newton' is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'new farm'. It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Nevtone. The affix 'Longville' came later in the Thirteenth century after the Cluniac priory of Longueville, in Normandy, France, that was in possession of the village at that time, and to distinguish this village from other places called Newton, particularly nearby Newton Blossomville.
In the Fourteenth century the village was seized by the Crown as being of alien possession and given to New College, Oxford. The parish church is dedicated to St Faith.