Northern Europe includes Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and Sweden.
Subdivisions within the group includes:
Due to their recent history, the Baltic States often are considered to be part of Eastern Europe although they belong geographically and culturally to Northern Europe. A compromise terminology for the Baltic states is "Northeastern Europe".
In a European Union context Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany and the Netherlands are often seen as belonging to the northern group.