During the 12th Century, during the zenith of their rule, they attracted a number of artisans from Kyoto and created a magnificent capital city, Hiraizumi, in what is now Iwate prefecture. They ruled over an independent kingdom that derived its wealth from gold mining, horse trading and as middlemen in the trade in luxury items from continental Asian states and the far northern Emishi and nascent Ainu states. They were able to keep their independence vis-a-vis Kyoto by the strength of their warrior bands until they were overwhelmed by Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1189.