The name most likely derives from the Teutonic name, Alberick/Elberick, who appears in German folk tales as the king of dwarves, for example in Wagner's ring cycle. Then the name mutated to the French, Auberon, and appeared as a character in a French romance, Huon of Bordeaux.
Among the things named after Oberon are Oberon, the moon of Uranus and the Oberon programming language.