1. Operation Neptune referred to the initial phase of the Allied invasion of Normandy, Operation Overlord.
Although many references state that Operation Neptune refers to naval operations in support of Operation Overlord, the most reliable references make it clear that Overlord refers to the establishment of a large-scale lodgement in Normandy, and that Neptune refers to the landing phase; i.e. Neptune was the first part of Overlord. According to the D-day museum:
See also [1] for further support of this usage.
2. Neptun was the German counterattack by German ground forces against Soviet units near the Black Sea at Myschanko-Berg on 6 April, 1943. Part of the Battle of Stalingrad.
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