Party designation in early United States Congresses
When the
United States Congress was established, factionism and organized
political parties were explicitly repudiated by
James Madison, among others.
Party designations of
pro-Administration and
anti-Administration, eventually organized into the
Federalists and
Republicans, respectively.
The divisions in sentiment grew out of the debates which accompanied the drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution. The most concrete divisions centered on the adoption of a bill of rights and disagreement over the dominant influence of Alexander Hamilton's nationalist policies.
See also: