Peine is a Kreis (district) in the southeastern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. Area 535 km², population 131,800 (2000). The capital of the district is Peine.
The district comprises the space between the cities of Hanover and Braunschweig (Brunswick). The Fuhse river enters the river in the south, runs through the town of Peine and leaves northwards to Celle.