North Korea has a centralized government under the rigid control of the communist Korean Workers' Party (KWP), to which all government officials belong. A few minor political parties are allowed to exist in name only. Kim Il Sung ruled North Korea from 1948 until his death in July 1994. Kim served both as Secretary General of the KWP and as President of North Korea.
Little is known about the actual lines of power and authority in the North Korean Government despite the formal structure set forth in the constitution. Following the death of Kim Il Sung, his son--Kim Jong Il--was named General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party in October 1997, and in September 1998, the SPA reconfirmed Kim Jong Il as Chairman of the National Defense Commission and declared that position as the "highest office of state." North Korea's 1972 constitution was amended in late 1992. The government is led by the president and, in theory, a super cabinet called the Central People's Committee (CPC).
In practice, North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship.
The constitution designates the CPC as the government's top policymaking body. It is headed by the president, who also nominates the other committee members. The CPC makes policy decisions and supervises the cabinet, or State Administration Council (SAC). The SAC is headed by a premier and is the dominant administrative and executive agency.
Officially, the legislature, the Supreme People's Assembly, is the highest organ of state power. Its members are "elected" every 4 years. Usually only two meetings are held annually, each lasting a few days. A standing committee elected by the SPA performs legislative functions when the Assembly is not in session. In reality, the Assembly serves only to ratify decisions made by the ruling KWP.
Administratively, North Korea is divided into nine provinces and four provincial-level municipalities--Pyongyang, Chongjin, Nampo, and Kaesong. It also appears to be divided into nine military districts.
Country name:
Data code:
KN
Government type:
authoritarian socialist; one-man dictatorship
Capital:
P'yŏngyang
Administrative divisions:
Independence:
9 September 1948, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) Foundation Day
National holiday:
Foundation Day, 9 September (1948)
Constitution:
adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992 and September 1998
Legal system:
based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction. Practices a system of collective family culpability for crimes of one member.
Suffrage:
17 years of age; universal; nominal (North Korea is a dictatorship); However, under North Korea's heredity-based system of dividing the population into 3 main groups and 51 sub-groups based on loyalty to the present regime, large numbers of the population are prevented from receiving post-secondary education or exercising any real political power by their 'bad family background'.
Executive branch:
Legislative branch:
unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Judicial branch:
Central Court, judges are elected by the Supreme People's Assembly
Political parties and leaders:
Chondoist Chongu Party [YU Mi-yong, chairwoman]; Korean Social Democratic Party [KIM Pyong-sik, chairman]; major party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Chong-il, General Secretary]
International organization participation:
ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
none; note - North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York, headed by YI Hyong-chol
Diplomatic representation from the US:
none (Swedish Embassy in P'yongyang represents the US as consular protecting power)
Flag description:
three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star
Supreme People's Assembly
North Korea's judiciary is "accountable" to the SPA and the president. The SPA's standing committee also appoints judges to the highest court for 4-year terms that are concurrent with those of the Assembly.
conventional long form:
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
conventional short form:
North Korea
local long form:
Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk
local short form:
none
note:
the North Koreans generally use the term "Choson" to refer to their country
abbreviation:
DPRK
(Main article: Administrative divisions of Korea. For historical information, see Provinces of Korea and Special cities of Korea)
3 Directly Governed Cities (Chik'alshi, singular and plural), 3 special administrative regions, and 9 provinces (Do, singular and plural): P'yŏngyang Chik'alshi; Namp'o Chik'alshi; Rasŏn (Rajin-Sŏnbong) Chik'alshi; Shinŭiju Teukbyeol Haengjeonggu ("Shinŭiju Special Administrative Region"); Kaesŏng Kongŏp Chigu ("Kaesŏng Industrial Region"); Kŭmgang-san Kwangwang Chigu ("Kŭmgang-san Tourist Region"); Chagang-do; Hamgyŏng-bukto (North Hamgyŏng), Hamgyŏng-namdo (South Hamgyŏng); Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae); Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae); Kangwŏn-do; P'yŏngan-bukto (North P'yŏngan); P'yongan-namdo (South P'yŏngan); Yanggang-do
note:
15 August 1945, date of independence from the Japanese and celebrated in North Korea as National Liberation Day
chief of state:
KIM Chong-il (since NA July 1994); note - in September 1998, KIM Chong-il was reelected Chairman of the National Defense Commission, a position accorded the nation's "highest administrative authority"; KIM Young-nam was named President of the Supreme People's Assembly Presidium and given the responsibility of representing the state and receiving diplomatic credentials
head of government:
Premier HONG Song-nam (since 5 September 1998)
cabinet:
Cabinet (Naegak), members, except for the Minister of People's Armed Forces, are appointed by the Supreme People's Assembly
elections:
premier elected by the Supreme People's Assembly; election last held NA 1998 (next to be held NA)
election results:
HONG Song-nam elected premier; percent of Supreme People's Assembly vote - NA
elections:
last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results:
percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - the KWP approves a single list of candidates who are elected without opposition; minor parties hold a few seats