President of the United States in Congress assembled

President of the United States in Congress Assembled was the title given to the presiding member of the Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation, which were ratified on March 1, 1781. This was not an executive position, but the presiding title over a legislative body. The limited executive powers exercised under the Articles were handled by committees of Congress or agents appointed by the Congress as a whole. This office replaced the President of the Continental Congress.

Samuel Huntington had been serving as President of the Continental Congress since September 28, 1779. When the Articles of Confederation were ratified under his watch, he became the first President of the United States in Congress Assembled, and continued in his capacity under this new title.

John Hanson is sometimes considered the first President of the United States in Congress Assembled under the Articles of Confederation, but in fact, he was the third man to hold that position.

List of the presiding officers of the Congress under the Articles of Confederation:

1. Samuel Huntington (March 1, 1781 - July 6, 1781)
2. Thomas McKean (July 10, 1781 to November 4, 1781)
3. John Hanson (November 5, 1781 to November 4, 1782)
4. Elias Boudinot (November 4, 1782 to November 3, 1783)
5. Thomas Mifflin (November 3, 1783 to June 3, 1784)
6. Richard Henry Lee (November 30, 1784 to November 23, 1785)
7. John Hancock (November 23, 1785 to June 6, 1786)
8. Nathaniel Gorham (June 6, 1786 to November 13, 1786)
9. Arthur St. Clair (February 2, 1787 to October 29, 1787)
10. Cyrus Griffin (January 22, 1788 to March 4, 1789)

Some of these people, notably John Hanson who signed his letter with the title added, are sometimes mistakenly called "President of the United States." However, that office did not exist until the ratification of the United States Constitution.