In 1648, Florin Périer, at the urging of Blaise Pascal, famously proved Evangelista Torricelli's theory that barometric observations were caused by the weight of air by measuring the height of a column of mercury at three elevations on Puy-de-Dôme.
In pre-Christian Europe, Puy-de-Dôme also served as an assembly place for spiritual ceremonies. Temples were built at the summit, including a Gallo-Roman temple dedicated to Mercury, the ruins of which remain today.
In more recent times, Puy-de-Dôme has served as a frequent stage finish in the Tour de France. It was here that in 1964 that Poulidor famously battled with Jacques Anquetil. Also on this peak in 1975 Eddy Merckx was punched in the stomach by a spectator.