S-duality
S-duality is a symmetry of
M-theory, connecting the various string theories, which are believed to be special cases of M-theory. An S-duality transformation maps states with coupling constant g in one theory to states with coupling constant 1/g in the dual theory. This has permitted the use of
perturbation theory, normally useful only for "weakly coupled" theories with g less than 1, to also describe the "strongly coupled" (g greater than 1) regimes of string theory, by mapping them onto dual, weakly coupled regimes. Also see:
T-duality,
U-duality.