This river is a very important riparian area for hundreds of species of plants, mammals, reptiles and insects, and is a major bird migratory path as well. More than 300 species of birds, 200 species of butterflies and 20 species of bats use this corridor as they migrate between South, Central and North America.
Humans have populated the San Pedro River valley since the earliest times. Several very significant paleo Indian site have been discovered along the San Pedro, in which spear point have been found in the remains of mammoths and other large mammals of the Ice age era, dating back 12,000 years. Other native American tribes, primarily of the Hohokam culture, have populated the area later in history as well. The first European to discover the river was Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1540, in search of the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola, cities presumably made of gold.
In recent decades, rapid growth and population increases in southern Arizona has caused concern with this river, and whether or not it can survive the extensive ground water pumping that now occurs in the area. Several non-profit organizations have risen in recent years to address awareness to this problem.
The San Predro River in doctile, non-rainy season mode. Though this river may appear to be but only a small creek to some, it is monumental in its importance as wildlife habitat and water in the semi-arid Sonoran Desert. Photo by Roger Weller, Cochise College, AZ.