SI

Alternate uses: see SI (disambiguation)

The International System of Units, abbreviated SI (for the French phrase Système International d'Unités), is the most widely used system of units. Along with the older cgs (centimetre, gram, second) system, SI is sometimes referred to as the metric system (especially in the United States, which has not widely adopted its use in everyday commerce, and the UK where conversion is incomplete).

Table of contents

1 Origin 2 SI writing style 3 Notes 4 Related Articles 5 External links

Origin

The units of the SI system are decided by international conferences organised by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Office of Weights and Measures). The SI system was first given its name in 1960, and last added to in 1971.

SI is built on seven SI base units, such as the kilogram and metre. These are used to define various SI derived units. SI also defines a number of SI prefixes to be used with the units: these combine with any unit name to give subdivisions and multiples. For example, the prefix kilo denotes a multiple of a thousand, so the kilometre is 1,000 metres, the kilogram 1,000 grams, and so on.

SI writing style

• Symbols are written in lower case except for in symbols where the unit is eponymous, or derived from the name of a person. This means that the symbol for the SI unit for pressure, named for Blaise Pascal, is Pa, whereas the unit itself is written pascal. The official SI brochure lists the symbol for the litre as an allowed exception to the capitalization rules: either capital or lowercase L is acceptable.

• Symbols are written in singular e.g 25 kg (not "25 kgs")

• It is preferable to keep the symbol in upright roman type (for example, kg for kilograms, m for meters), so as to differentiate from (mathematical and physical) variables (for example, m for mass, l for length).

• A space between the numbers and the symbols: 2.21 kg, 7.3·10² m²

• SI uses spaces to separate decimal digits in sets of three. e.g. 1 000 000 or 342 142 (in contrast to the commas or dots used in other systems e.g. 1,000,000 or 1.000.000).

• SI used only a comma as the separator for decimal fractions until 1997. The number "twenty four and fifty one hundredths" would be written as " 24,51 ". In 1997 the CIPM decided that the British full stop (the "dot on the line", or period) would be the decimal separator in text whose main language is English (" 24.51 "). No allowances were made for alternate decimal separators in other languages; except in English, the comma remains the official standard.

The system can legally be used in every country in the world, and in many countries its use is obligatory. Those countries that still give official recognition to non-SI units (e.g. US, UK) define them in terms of SI units. It was adopted by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1960. (See weights and measures for a history of the development of units of measurement.)

Notes

Americans frequently spell 'metre' as 'meter', and 'litre' as 'liter'; however 'metre' and 'litre' are the official BIPM names for these units, although the American usage has been approved by the US government. The official US spelling for 'deca' is 'deka', though Americans use the international spelling more often than the American one.

The unit 'gram' is also sometimes spelled 'gramme' in English speaking countries, though that is an older spelling. Several other languages use the American spelling. In written practice only the abbreviated (prefixed) symbols are used, avoiding the spelling issue.

Related Articles

• Metrology
• UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)
• Orders of magnitude

External links

• The International System of Units -- Its History and Use in Science and Industry
• http://www1.bipm.org/en/publications/brochure/
• http://www.bipm.fr/enus/3_SI/base_units.html
• http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html
• I. Mills, Tomislav Cvitas, Klaus Homann, Nikola Kallay, IUPAC: Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Blackwell Science Inc 1993, ISBN 0632035838.