Theorem: There is a subtle cardinal ≤κ iff every transitive set S of cardinality κ contains x and y such that x is a proper subset of y and x ≠ Ø and x &ne {Ø}. An infinite ordinal κ is subtle iff for every λ<κ, every transitive set S of cardinality κ includes a chain (under inclusion) of order type λ.
Subtle cardinals are a type of large cardinal.