Use of poison gas in World War I
Gas Casualties
Nation
|
Casualties (Estimated)
|
Fatal
|
Non-Fatal
|
Russia
|
50,000
|
400,000
|
Germany
|
10,000
|
190,000
|
France
|
8,000
|
182,000
|
Britain
|
8,000
|
181,000
|
Austria-Hungary
|
3,000
|
97,000
|
USA
|
1,500
|
71,500
|
Italy
|
4,500
|
55,000
|
British gas casualties (Western Front)
Date
|
Agent
|
Casualties (Official)
|
Fatal
|
Non-fatal
|
Apr - May 1915
|
Chlorine
|
350
|
7,000
|
May 1915 - Jun 1916
|
Lachrymants
|
0
|
0
|
Dec 1916 - Aug 1916
|
Chlorine
|
1,013
|
4,207
|
Jul 1916 - Jul 1917
|
Various
|
532
|
8,806
|
Jul 1917 - Nov 1918
|
Mustard gas
|
4,086
|
160,526
|
Gases used in WW I
A=Allies, G=Germany/Austria-Hungary
Name
|
First use
|
Type
|
Used by
|
Chlorine
|
1915
|
Irritant/Lung
|
Both
|
Phosgene
|
1915
|
|
Both
|
Chloromethyl chloroformate
|
1915
|
|
Both
|
Trichloromethyl chloroformate
|
1916
|
|
Both
|
Chloropicrin
|
1916
|
|
Both
|
Stannic chloride
|
1916
|
|
A
|
Phenyl chloride
|
1917
|
|
G
|
Dichloromethyl ether
|
1918
|
|
G
|
Diphenyl chlorasine
|
1917
|
Irritant/Sternutatory
|
G
|
Ethyl dichlorarsine
|
1918
|
|
G
|
Ethyl carbazol
|
1918
|
|
G
|
Benzyl bromide
|
1915
|
Lachrymatory
|
G
|
Xylyl bromide
|
1915
|
|
G
|
Methyl chlorosulphonate
|
1915
|
|
G
|
Ethyl iodoacetate
|
1916
|
|
A
|
Bromacetone
|
1916
|
|
Both
|
Methyl-ethyl ketone
|
1916
|
|
G
|
Acrolein
|
1916
|
|
A
|
Hydrocyanic acid
|
1916
|
Paralysing
|
A
|
Sulphuretted hydrogen
|
1916
|
|
A
|
Mustard gas
|
1917
|
Vesicant
|
Both
|
Estimated production of gases (by type)
Nation
|
Production (metric tons)
|
Irritant
|
Lachrymatory
|
Vesicant
|
Total
|
Austria-H
|
5,080
|
255
|
-
|
5,335
|
Britain
|
23,870
|
1,010
|
520
|
25,400
|
France
|
34,540
|
810
|
2,040
|
37,390
|
Germany
|
55,880
|
3,050
|
10,160
|
69,090
|
Italy
|
4,070
|
205
|
-
|
4,275
|
Russia
|
3,550
|
155
|
-
|
3705
|
USA
|
5,590
|
5
|
175
|
5,770
|