There have been a number of forfeited games (which could technically be regarded as a loss in zero moves - the most notable example is game two of the 1972 World Championship match between Boris Spassky and Bobby Fischer, which Fischer defaulted), and a number of shorter frivolous examples (a game between Fischer and Oscar Panno, for example, went 1. d4 d5 2.c4 resigns - Panno's resignation is more a sign of his unwillingness to play than any reflection of the position on the board).
Longest game
The longest tournament chess game ever to be played under modern time rules was Nikolic - Arsovic, Belgrade 1989, which lasted for 20 hours and 15 minutes with a 269 move draw.Shortest tournament game
The shortest decisive game ever played in a tournament is often considered to be Djordjeic - Kovacevic, Bela Crkva 1984. It lasted for only 3 moves (1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5 c6 3.e3 Qa5+ winning the bishop).Latest first capture
The game between Filipowicz and Smederavac, Polanica Zdroj 1966, lasted 70 moves without a single capture. The game ended as a draw.