Beta decay

Nuclear processes

Radioactive decay processes
Alpha decay
Beta decay
Electron capture
Gamma radiation
Neutron emission
Positron emission
Proton emission
Spontaneous fission
Nucleosynthesis
Neutron Capture
The R-process
The S-process
Proton capture:
The P-process

Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (an electron or a positron) is emitted. In the case of electron emission, it is referred to as "beta minus"(β^- ), in the case of a positron, "beta plus"(β⁺ ).

In beta minus decay, a neutron is converted to a proton via the weak nuclear force and a beta particle (an electron) and an anti-neutrino are emitted.

In beta plus decay, a proton is converted to a neutron via the weak nuclear force and a beta minus particle (a positron) and a neutrino are emitted.

The study of beta decay provided the first physical evidence of the neutrino. The energies of electrons emitted by beta decay were observed to be non-continuous (some being more energetic than others). A problem arose in trying to explain what happened to the missing energy if an electron was emitted with less than maximum energy - the Law of conservation of energy appeared to be violated. To solve this, Wolfgang Pauli proposed that the "missing" energy was carried away by another yet undiscovered particle - the neutrino. This was analysed in more detail by Enrico Fermi.