European languages

Most of the many indigenous languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European language family. The scope of this article also includes languages spoken outside of continental Europe that belong to European language families (such as Afrikaans).

Table of contents

1 Basque 2 Caucasian languages 3 Constructed languages 4 Finno-Ugric languages 5 Indo-European languages 5.1 Albanian 5.2 Armenian 5.3 Baltic languages 5.4 Celtic languages 5.4.1 Brythonic 5.4.2 Goidelic (Gaelic) 5.5 Germanic languages 5.5.3 North Germanic languages 5.5.4 West Germanic languages 5.5.5 East Germanic languages 5.6 Indo-Aryan languages 5.7 Italic languages 5.7.6 Romance languages 5.8 Slavic languages 5.8.7 West Slavic languages 5.8.8 East Slavic languages 5.8.9 South Slavic languages 6 Others of note

Basque

The Basque language of the northern Iberian Peninsula is a language isolate, and as such is not closely related to any other language.

Caucasian languages

• Georgian

Constructed languages

These languages were artificially created ("planned").

• Esperanto
• Interlingua

Finno-Ugric languages

The Finno-Ugric languages are a subfamily of the Uralic language family.

• Estonian
• Finnish
• Hungarian
• Saami

Indo-European languages

Most European languages are Indo-European languages. This large language-family is decended from a common language that was spoken thousands of years ago, which is referred to as Proto Indo-European.

Albanian

Armenian

Baltic languages

• Curonian
• Latvian
• Lithuanian
• Old Prussian

Celtic languages

Brythonic

• Cornish
• Breton
• Welsh

Goidelic (Gaelic)

• Irish Gaelic
• Manx
• Scottish Gaelic

Germanic languages

North Germanic languages

• Danish
• Faroese
• Icelandic
• Norwegian
• Swedish

West Germanic languages

• Dutch
• English
• Frisian
• German
• Low German/Low Saxon
• Swiss-German

East Germanic languages

• Gothic

Italic languages

• Latin

Romance languages

The Romance languages decended from the Vulgar Latin spoken across most of the lands of the Roman Empire.

• Corsican
• Dalmatian
• Franco-Provencal
• French
  • Cajun French
  • Valon
  • Picard
• Iberian languages
  • Aragonese
  • Catalan
    • Alguerese
    • Ribagorçan
    • Valencian
  • Leonese
    • Asturian
    • Mirandes
• Portuguese
  • Galician
    • Eonaviegan
  • Spanish
    • Ladino
• Italian
  • Emilio-Romagnolo
  • Ligurian
  • Lombard
  • Napoletana-Calabrese
  • Piemontese
• Occitan
  • Gascon
    • Aranese
  • Provencal
• Rhaetian languages
  • Friulian
  • Ladin
  • Romansh
• Romanian
  • Aromanian
  • Istro-Romanian
  • Megleno-Romanian
• Sardinian
  • Capidanese
  • Gallurese
  • Logudorese
  • Sassarese
• Sicilian

Slavic languages

West Slavic languages

• Czech
• Polish
• Slovak

East Slavic languages

• Belarusian
• Russian
• Ukrainian

South Slavic languages

• Bulgarian
• Serbo-Croatian (sociolinguistically, 3 different languages):
  • Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian

not yet classified, lists very incomplete

• Romany
• Ossetian language
• Greek
• Kashub

Others of note

These are languages of non-European origins which are spoken in parts of Europe.

• Maltese (Semetic language, derived from Arabic)
• Turkish (Turkic Altaic language)

See also European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages