On September 26, 1819 Frederick Augustus II married Archduchess Caroline of Austria, daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria. Following her death, on April 24, 1833 he married Princess Marie Anne Leopoldine of Bavaria.
There were no children of either marriage. He was succeeded by his brother, Johann I.
In 1848 revolutionary diturbances broke out in the Kingdom, forcing Frederick Augustus to flee to Austria. The uprising was crushed by Prussian troops.