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Table of contents |
2 Pathology 3 Pharmacological application of glucagon 4 See also |
Physiology
The hormone is synthesized and secreted from alpha cells of pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans).
Glucagon maintains the level of glucose in the blood by binding to specific receptors on hepatocytes causing the liver to release its intracellular stores of glucose. As these stores (in the form of glycogen) become depleted, glucagon then encourages the liver to synthesize glucose by gluconeogenesis. This glucose is released into the bloodstream. Both theses mechanisms leading to glucose release by liver prevent the development of hypoglycaemia.
An injectable form of glucagon is essential first aid in cases of
severe hypoglycemia. The glucagon is injected and quickly raises blood glucose levels. It works only if there is glycogen stored in liver cells, and it won't work again until those stores are replenished.
Glucagon has also inotropic properties. Although its use is impracticable in heart failure, it has some value in treatmeant of myocardium depression secondary to betablocker overdose.Pathology
Pharmacological application of glucagon