In the novel Gulliver washes up on Lilliput and is caputured by the inhabitants while asleep. He discovers that Lilliput and Blefuscu are permenantly at war because of differences over the correct way to eat a boiled egg - from the rounded end according to the Lilliputians, or from the sharp end according to the Blefuscans. The supporters of the differing views were called Big-endians and Little-endians.
The story is a parody of the European nations, particularly Britain and France, who were in Swift's view constantly at war over 'trivial' matters. The word Lilliputian has come into common usage, meaning 'very small sized'. The causes of the war have also given us the computing terms big endian and little endian.
See also Brobdingnag.
External link: Lilliput and Blefuscu were the names used In Samuel Johnson's retellings of the Debates in Parliament.
Lilliput was also the name of a British arts magazine, founded in 1937.
Lilliput was also the name of a Swiss punk band, previously known as Kleenex.