Captain Martin Van Buren Bates (November 9, 1837 - January 7, 1919), known as the "Kentucky Giant" among other nicknames, was a Civil War era American famed for his incredibly large size.
Though born an infant of normal size into a family of normal-sized people in Letcher County, Kentucky, he is said to at one time have been 7 feet 11 inches (2.41 m) in height and between 475 and 525 pounds in weight, and was 7 feet 4 inches (2.24 m) and 380 pounds when he died.
Accounts of his remarkable growth vary, but all sources agree that he began a tremendous growth spurt at some time around the age of six or seven, and was over six feet tall and nearly 300 pounds by the time he was twelve or thirteen years old. This incredible growth reportedly so astonished his parents that they forbade him from doing chores around the house, fearful his body was too fragile.
His first occupation was as a schoolteacher, but upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined the Confederate Army as a private in the Fifth Kentucky Infantry in September 1861. His ferocity in battle, aided by his imposing figure, made him legendary, with Union soldiers telling tales of a "Confederate giant who's as big as five men and fights like fifty." He was captured in 1863, and was probably released as part of a prisoner exchange that year or the next (though some sources claim he escaped).
He returned to Kentucky after the war, but found it embroiled in violent feuding between those who had supported the Union and those who had supported the Confederacy, so sold his property and left, explaining, "I've seen enough bloodshed; I didn't want any more." He travelled to Cincinnati, and there joined the circus, exhibiting his enormous stature to curious onlookers. While the circus was on tour in Halifax, Canada, eight-foot tall Anna Hannon Swain happened to visit, and the promoter, envisioning the success a pair of giants would have, hired her immediately. She and Martin soon got to know each other, and were married during an 1871 tour of the circus in Europe. The wedding, in London, was abuzz with publicity, and thousands of people, drawn both by the uncommonness of the spectacle and the disarming good nature of the pair, tried to attend. Queen Victoria herself gave them as wedding presents two extra-large diamond-studded gold watches.
Martin and his wife returned to Ohio in 1872 and settled down in Seville, but in May 1874, their eighteen-pound child was born stillborn, and to relieve their grief they took a trip to Europe again, but this time not as part of the circus. They returned to Ohio again shortly thereafter, and built a large house to accommodate themselves comfortably. He explains the next few years in his autobiography: