In this domain, a "netlist" describes the connectivity of an electronic design.
Netlists usually provide nothing but instances, and nets, and perhaps some attributes. If they express much more than this, they usually turn into something more than a netlist, such as Verilog, VHDL, or any one of several specific languages designed for input to simulators. Netlists are meant to convey connectivity information, and if there is more data than this basic information in the description, then it may not be just a netlist.
There are several kinds and classes of "netlist":
and also, netlists can of two major classes:
Most netlists either contain or reference descriptions of the parts or devices used. Each time a part is used in a netlist, this is called an "instance". Thus, each instance has a "master", or "definition". These definitions will usually list the connections that can be made to that kind of device, and some basic properties of that device. These connection points are called "ports" or "pins", among several other names.
An "instance" could be anything from a vacuum cleaner, microwave oven, or light bulb, to a resistor, capacitor, or integrated circuit chip.
Instances have "ports". In the case of a vacuum cleaner, these ports would be the two (or three!) metal prongs in the plug. Each port has a name, and in continuing the vacuum cleaner example, they might be "Neutral", "Hot" and "Ground". Usually, each instance will have a unique name, so that if you have two instances of vacuum cleaners, one might be "vac1" and the other "vac2". Besides their names, they might otherwise be identical.
Nets are the "wires" that connect things together in the circuit. There may or may not be any special attributes associated with the nets in a design, depending on the particular language the netlist is written in, and that language's features.
Instance based netlists usually provide a list of the instances used in a design. Along with each instance, either an ordered list of net names are provided, or a list of pairs provided, of an instance port name, along with the net name to which that port is connected. In this kind of description, the list of nets can be gathered from the connection lists, and there is no place to associate particular attributes with the nets themselves. SPICE is perhaps the most famous of instance-based netlists.
Net-based netlists usually describe all the instances and their attributes, then describe each net, and say which port they are connected on each instance. This allows for attributes to be associated with nets. EDIF is probably the most famous of the net-based netlists.