He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father was of Italian descent; his mother was African American, and so he was barred from Major League Baseball until, in 1947, African-American players were admitted to the major leagues. He played for the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers) from 1948 to 1957, as their regular catcher. In 1948 he had three different uniform numbers (33, 39, and 56) before settling down to number 39 for the rest of his career. His first game was on April 20, 1948. He played in the All-Star Game every year from 1949 to 1956. He received the Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in the National League three times: in 1951, 1953, and 1955. He was in tenth place in the MVP voting in 1952.
He became crippled as a result of an auto accident in January, 1958 and was confined to a wheelchair.
In 1959 Roy Campanella was inducted into the United States Baseball Hall of Fame.
He died in Woodland Hills, California and was interred in the Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles.
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