Tanya
This book's full name is "Likutei Amarim - Tanya," (
Hebrew: "Collection of Sayings - Tanya ('It is stated in a
baraitha')"), and is popularly known as
Tanya. It was written by Rabbi
Shneur Zalman of Liadi, and consists of five parts. It deals mostly with
Jewish spirituality and psychology, and is based on Jewish literature, mostly
kabbalah. Most of the first part is written in understandable language, however, and serves as a fundamental and basic guide to the spiritual service of
God according to
Chabad Lubavitch. Their Chassidim see it as a sacred duty to publish and distribute this book, as widely as possible.
There is also another, less-known book named Tanya, written a few hundred years ago by a an unknown Talmudic Scholar, which is a collection of halakic rulings.
Both of these books are named after their first word, Tanya, "It is stated in a baraitha."
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Tanya is also a Russian hypocoristic (see Wiktionary:hypocoristic) for the female name Tatiana. See, for example, Tanya Grotter.