See also Alphabetical list, Categorical list, and Generational list; Programming language, Computing timeline, and History of computing hardware.
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2 1950 3 1960 4 1970 5 1980 6 1990 7 2000 |
* 1840~ FIRST PROGRAM -- Lovelace
* 1945 Plankalkül -- Zuse
1968 Forth -- Moore (first paper, 1970)
Lisp 1968 Logo -- Papert
FORTRAN IV 1978 FORTRAN77
( * 1978 VISICALC -- Bricklin, Frankston)
C SNOBOL 1979 Awk -- Aho, Kernighan
( * 1979 VULCAN DBASE-II -- Ratliff )
Algol68 1979 Green -- Ichbiah et al., US Dept of Defense
Things with unknown or questionable dates:
Legend:
pre 1950
Predecessor(s) YEAR PRODUCT -- Developer, Company
1950
* 1952 A-0 -- Hopper
1954 Mark I Autocode -- Brooker
A-0 1954 ARITH-MATIC -- Hopper
A-0 1955 MATH-MATIC -- Hopper
A-0 1955 FLOW-MATIC -- Hopper
A-0 1955 FORTRAN -- Backus
1956 Information Processing Language -- Newell, Shaw, Simon
FLOW-MATIC 1957 COMTRAN -- Bemer
FORTRAN 1958 FORTRAN II -- Backus
FORTRAN 1958 Algol 58
* 1959 LISP McCarthy
1960
FLOW-MATIC COMTRAN 1960 COBOL The Codasyl Committee
ALGOL 1960 Algol 60
ALGOL 1960 JOSS
FORTRAN II 1962 FORTRAN IV
* 1962 APL -- Iverson
ALGOL60 1962 Simula
FORTRAN II 1962 SNOBOL -- Griswold, et al.
ALGOL60 1963 CPL -- Barron, Strachey, et al.
SNOBOL 1962 SNOBOL3 -- Griswold, et al.
CPL LISP 1964 COWSEL Burstall, Popplestone
ALGOL60 1964 PL/1 IBM team
FORTRAN II, JOSS 1964 BASIC -- Kemeny and Kurtz
FORTRAN II 1966 FORTRAN IV
LISP 1966 ISWIM Landin
ALGOL60 1966 CORAL66 Real Time version of Algol 60
CPL 1967 BCPL -- Richards
Fortran LISP 1967 MUMPS -- Massachusetts General Hospital
Simula 1967 Simula67
SNOBOL3 1967 SNOBOL4 -- Griswold, et al.
Algol60 1968 ALGOL 68 -- Wijngaarten, et al.
COWSEL 1968 POP-1 -- Burstall, Popplestone
1970
POP-1 1970 POP-2
ALGOL60 1971 Pascal -- Wirth, Jensen
Simula67 1972 Smalltalk Environment -- Smalltalk--Digitalk
B BCPL 1972 C -- Ritchie
* 1973 PROLOG -- Colmeraurer
BASIC 1973 COMAL
LISP 1975 Scheme -- Sussman, Steele
BASIC 1975 Altair BASIC -- Gates, Allen
C FORTRAN 1976 RATFOR -- Kernighan
MUMPS 1977 X11.1 ANSI Standard MUMPS1980
C Simula67 1980 C with Classes -- Stroustrup
Simula67 1980 Smalltalk-80 -- Digitalk
Green 1983 Ada -- US Dept of Defense
C with Classes 1983 C++ -- Stroustrup
Pascal 1983 Turbo Pascal -- Hejlsberg
* 1984 Standard ML ML = Meta-Language
1977MUMPS 1985 1984 MUMPS
( dBase 1984 CLIPPER -- Nantucket )
( dBase 1985 PARADOX -- Borland )
Simula67 1986 Eiffel -- Meyer
( * 1987 HyperCard -- Apple )
( * 1987 SQL-1 )
Awk 1987 Perl -- Wall
MATLAB 1988 Octave
dBase-III 1988 dBaseIV
Awk Lisp 1988 Tcl -- Ousterhout
Turbo-Pascal 1989 Turbo-Pascal+OOP -- Borland
C 1989 Standard C -- ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990)
Pascal Modula-II 1989 OBERON -- Wirth
1990
1990 Haskell
1984MUMPS 1990 1990 MUMPS
1991 Python -- van Rossum
1991 Q
( SQL-1 1992 SQL-2 )
Turbo-Pascal OOP 1992 Borland Pascal
1993 Brainfuck -- Mueller
Perl Smalltalk 1993 Ruby
1993 Lua
Ada 83 1995 Ada 95 -- ISO
Borland Pascal 1995 Delphi(1) -- Borland
C++ Internet OOP 1995 Java -- Sun Microsystems
1990MUMPS 1995 1995 MUMPS
Standard ML,84 1997 SML'97
PHP 3 1997 PHP
Scheme 1997 Pico -- Free University of Brussels
C++ 1998 C++98 -- ANSI/ISO Standard C++
2000
2000 Joy -- von Thun
C C++ COM Java 2000 C# -- Microsoft
DELPHI(5) 2001 KYLIX -- Borland
Whitespace 2003 Whitespace -- Brady and Morris
* 197? sh (Bourne Shell) -- Bourne
sh 19?? ksh (Korn Shell) -- Korn
ksh 199? zsh (Z Shell)
HyperCard 199? AppleScript -- Apple
* 1990 Self -- Sun Microsystems Inc
Self Java 199? LiveScript -- Brendan Eich, Netscape (Self inspired, made for Java interactions)
LiveScript 1995 JavaScript -- Netscape
JavaScript 1997 ECMAScript -- ECMA TC39-TG1
2003 Rikstation
OLD <> NEW
Predecessor(s) etc YEAR PRODUCT -- developer, Company
( Item ) non 'universal programming language'
*