Thesiger is best known for two travel books. Arabian Sands (1959) recounts his travels in the Empty Quarter of Arabia between 1945 and 1950 and describes the vanishing way of life of the Bedouins. A The Marsh Arabs (1964) is an account of the traditional peoples who lived in the marshlands of southern Iraq.
Thisiger took many photographs during his travels and donated his vast collection of 25,000 negatives to the Pitt-Rivers Museum, Oxford.
Thesiger was not greatly enamoured of American culture, about which he had this to say:
"The long-term effect of US culture as it spreads to every nook and cranny in every desert and every mountain valley will be the end of mankind. Our extraordinary greed for material possessions, the ways we go about nurturing that greed, the lack of balance in our lives, and our cultural arrogance will kill us off within a century unless we learn to stop and think. It may be too late."